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Kidney stones Description Collapse SectionKidney stones (also called renal stones or urinary stones) are small, hard deposits that form in one or both kidneys; the stones are made up of minerals or other compounds found in urine. Kidney stones vary in size, shape, and color. To be cleared from the body (or "passed"), the stones need to travel through ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (ureters) and be excreted. Depending on their size, kidney stones generally take days to weeks to pass out of the body. Kidney stones can cause abdominal or back pain (known as renal colic). Renal colic usually begins sporadically but then becomes constant and can lead to nausea and vomiting. The site of pain can change as the stone moves through the urinary tract. Some small stones pass through the kidney and urinary tract with little discomfort, while larger ones can block the flow of urine and impair kidney function. Kidney stones can also result in blood in the urine (hematuria) or kidney or urinary tract infections. Unusually large stones or stones that are difficult to pass can be medically removed. Although there are many types of kidney stones, four main types are classified by the material they are made of. Up to 75 percent of all kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium. Stones can also be made up of uric acid (a normal waste product), cystine (a protein building block), or struvite (a phosphate mineral). Stones form when there is more of the compound in the urine than can be dissolved. This imbalance can occur when there is an increased amount of the material in the urine, a reduced amount of liquid urine, or a combination of both. People are most likely to develop kidney stones between ages 40 and 60, though the stones can appear at any age. Research shows that 35 to 50 percent of people who have one kidney stone will develop additional stones, usually within 10 years of the first stone. Treatment for Kidney Stones How do health care professionals treat kidney stones?Health care professionals usually treat kidney stones based on their size, location, and what type they are. Small kidney stones may pass through your urinary tract without treatment. If you’re able to pass a kidney stone, a health care professional may ask you to catch the kidney stone in a special container. A health care professional will send the kidney stone to a lab to find out what type it is. A health care professional may advise you to drink plenty of liquids if you are able to help move a kidney stone along. The health care professional also may prescribe pain medicine. Larger kidney stones or kidney stones that block your urinary tract or cause great pain may need urgent treatment. If you are vomiting and dehydrated, you may need to go to the hospital and get fluids through an IV. Kidney stone removalA urologist can remove the kidney stone or break it into small pieces with the following treatments: Shock wave lithotripsy. The doctor can use shock wave lithotripsy NIH external link to blast the kidney stone into small pieces. The smaller pieces of the kidney stone then pass through your urinary tract. A doctor can give you anesthesia NIH external link during this outpatient procedure. Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. During cystoscopy, the doctor uses a cystoscope to look inside the urethra and bladder to find a stone in your urethra or bladder. During ureteroscopy, the doctor uses a ureteroscope, which is longer and thinner than a cystoscope, to see detailed images of the lining of the ureters and kidneys. The doctor inserts the cystoscope or ureteroscope through the urethra to see the rest of the urinary tract. Once the stone is found, the doctor can remove it or break it into smaller pieces. The doctor performs these procedures in the hospital with anesthesia. You can typically go home the same day. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The doctor uses a thin viewing tool, called a nephroscope, to locate and remove the kidney stone. The doctor inserts the tool directly into your kidney through a small cut made in your back. For larger kidney stones, the doctor also may use a laser to break the kidney stones into smaller pieces. The doctor performs percutaneous nephrolithotomy NIH external link in a hospital with anesthesia. You may have to stay in the hospital for several days after the procedure. After these procedures, sometimes the urologist may leave a thin flexible tube, called a ureteral stent, in your urinary tract to help urine flow or a stone to pass. Once the kidney stone is removed, your doctor sends the kidney stone or its pieces to a lab to find out what type it is. The health care professional also may ask you to collect your urine for 24 hours after the kidney stone has passed or been removed. The health care professional can then measure how much urine you produce in a day, along with mineral levels in your urine. You are more likely to form stones if you don’t make enough urine each day or have a problem with high mineral levels. Health care professionals usually treat kidney stones based on their size and what they are made of. How can I prevent kidney stones?To help prevent future kidney stones, you also need to know what caused your previous kidney stones. Once you know what type of kidney stone you had, a health care professional can help you make changes to your eating, diet, and nutrition to prevent future kidney stones. Drinking liquidsIn most cases, drinking enough liquids each day is the best way to help prevent most types of kidney stones. Drinking enough liquids keeps your urine diluted and helps flush away minerals that might form stones. Though water is best, other liquids such as citrus drinks may also help prevent kidney stones. Some studies show that citrus drinks, such as lemonade and orange juice, protect against kidney stones because they contain citrate, which stops crystals from turning into stones. Unless you have kidney failure, you should drink six to eight, 8-ounce glasses a day. If you previously had cystine stones, you may need to drink even more. Talk with a health care professional if you can’t drink the recommended amount due to other health problems, such as urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, or kidney failure. The amount of liquid you need to drink depends on the weather and your activity level. If you live, work, or exercise in hot weather, you may need more liquid to replace the fluid you lose through sweat. A health care professional may ask you to collect your urine for 24 hours to determine the amount of urine you produce a day. If the amount of urine is too low, the health care professional may advise you to increase your liquid intake. MedicinesIf you have had a kidney stone, a health care professional also may prescribe medicines to prevent future kidney stones. Depending on the type of kidney stone you had and what type of medicine the health care professional prescribes, you may have to take the medicine for a few weeks, several months, or longer. For example, if you had struvite stones, you may have to take an oral antibiotic for 1 to 6 weeks, or possibly longer. If you had another type of stone, you may have to take a potassium citrate tablet 1 to 3 times daily. You may have to take potassium citrate for months or even longer until a health care professional says you are no longer at risk for kidney stones. Kidney Stones
Definition & Facts In this section:
What are kidney stones?Kidney stones are hard, pebble-like pieces of material that form in one or both of your kidneys when high levels of certain minerals are in your urine. Kidney stones rarely cause permanent damage if treated by a health care professional. Kidney stones vary in size and shape. They may be as small as a grain of sand or as large as a pea. Rarely, some kidney stones are as big as golf balls. Kidney stones may be smooth or jagged and are usually yellow or brown. A small kidney stone may pass through your urinary tract on its own, causing little or no pain. A larger kidney stone may get stuck along the way. A kidney stone that gets stuck can block your flow of urine, causing severe pain or bleeding. Learn more about your urinary tract and how it works. If you have symptoms of kidney stones, including severe pain or bleeding, seek care right away. A doctor, such as a urologist, can treat any pain and prevent further problems, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). A small kidney stone may pass through your urinary tract on its own, causing little or no pain. A larger kidney stone may get stuck along the way.Do kidney stones have another name?The scientific name for a kidney stone is renal calculus or nephrolith. You may hear health care professionals call this condition nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis, or urinary stones. What type of kidney stones do I have?You probably have one of four main types of kidney stones. Treatment for kidney stones usually depends on their size, location, and what they are made of. Calcium stonesCalcium stones, including calcium oxalate stones and calcium phosphate stones, are the most common types of kidney stones. Calcium oxalate stones are more common than calcium phosphate stones. Calcium from food does not increase your chance of having calcium oxalate stones. Normally, extra calcium that isn’t used by your bones and muscles goes to your kidneys and is flushed out with urine. When this doesn’t happen, the calcium stays in the kidneys and joins with other waste products to form a kidney stone. Uric acid stonesA uric acid stone may form when your urine contains too much acid. Eating a lot of fish, shellfish, and meat—especially organ meat—may increase uric acid in urine. Struvite stonesStruvite stones may form after you have a UTI. They can develop suddenly and become large quickly. Cystine stonesCystine stones result from a disorder called cystinuria that is passed down through families. Cystinuria causes the amino acid cystine to leak through your kidneys and into the urine. How common are kidney stones?Kidney stones are common and are on the rise. About 11 percent of men and 6 percent of women in the United States have kidney stones at least once during their lifetime.1 Who is more likely to develop kidney stones?Men are more likely to develop kidney stones than women. If you have a family history of kidney stones, you are more likely to develop them. You are also more likely to develop kidney stones again if you’ve had them once. You may also be more likely to develop a kidney stone if you don’t drink enough liquids. People with certain conditionsYou are more likely to develop kidney stones if you have certain conditions, including
People who take certain medicinesYou are more likely to develop kidney stones if you are taking one or more of the following medicines over a long period of time:
What are the complications of kidney stones?Complications of kidney stones are rare if you seek treatment from a health care professional before problems occur. If kidney stones are not treated, they can cause
References[1] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Chapter 9: Urinary tract stones. In: Litwin MS, Saigal CS, eds. Urologic diseases in America. www.niddk.nih.gov (PDF, 0.39 MB) . Published 2012. Accessed September 26, 2016. Symptoms & Causes What are the symptoms of kidney stones? Symptoms of kidney stones include
See a health care professional right away if you have any of these symptoms. These symptoms may mean you have a kidney stone or a more serious condition. Your pain may last for a short or long time or may come and go in waves. Along with pain, you may have
Other symptoms include
You may have a kidney stone if you have pain while urinating or feel a sharp pain in your back or lower abdomen.What causes kidney stones?Kidney stones are caused by high levels of calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus in the urine. These minerals are normally found in urine and do not cause problems at low levels. Certain foods may increase the chances of having a kidney stone in people who are more likely to develop them. Diagnosis How do health care professionals diagnose kidney stones? Health care professionals use your medical history, a physical exam, and lab and imaging tests to diagnose kidney stones. A health care professional will ask if you have a history of health conditions that make you more likely to develop kidney stones. The health care professional also may ask if you have a family history of kidney stones and about what you typically eat. During a physical exam, the health care professional usually examines your body. The health care professional will ask you about your symptoms. A health care professional will ask if you have a history of health conditions that make you more likely to develop kidney stones.What tests do health care professionals use to diagnose kidney stones?Health care professionals may use lab or imaging tests to diagnose kidney stones. Lab testsUrine tests can show whether your urine contains high levels of minerals that form kidney stones. Urine and blood tests can also help a health care professional find out what type of kidney stones you have. Urinalysis. Urinalysis involves a health care professional testing your urine sample. You will collect a urine sample at a doctor’s office or at a lab, and a health care professional will test the sample. Urinalysis can show whether your urine has blood in it and minerals that can form kidney stones. White blood cells and bacteria in the urine mean you may have a urinary tract infection. Blood tests. A health care professional may take a blood sample from you and send the sample to a lab to test. The blood test can show if you have high levels of certain minerals in your blood that can lead to kidney stones. Imaging testsHealth care professionals use imaging tests to find kidney stones. The tests may also show problems that caused a kidney stone to form, such as a blockage in the urinary tract or a birth defect. You do not need anesthesia for these imaging tests. Abdominal x-ray. An abdominal x-ray is a picture of the abdomen that uses low levels of radiation and is recorded on film or on a computer. An x-ray technician takes an abdominal x-ray at a hospital or outpatient center, and a radiologist reads the images. During an abdominal x-ray, you will lie on a table or stand up. The x-ray technician will position the x-ray machine over or in front of your abdomen and ask you to hold your breath so the picture won’t be blurry. The x-ray technician then may ask you to change position for additional pictures. Abdominal x-rays can show the location of kidney stones in the urinary tract. Not all stones are visible on abdominal x-ray. Computed tomography (CT) scans. CT scans use a combination of x-rays and computer technology to create images of your urinary tract. Although a CT scan without contrast medium is most commonly used to view your urinary tract, a health care professional may give you an injection of contrast medium. Contrast medium is a dye or other substance that makes structures inside your body easier to see during imaging tests. You’ll lie on a table that slides into a tunnel-shaped device that takes the x-rays. CT scans can show the size and location of a kidney stone, if the stone is blocking the urinary tract, and conditions that may have caused the kidney stone to form. Treatment How do health care professionals treat kidney stones? Health care professionals usually treat kidney stones based on their size, location, and what type they are. Small kidney stones may pass through your urinary tract without treatment. If you’re able to pass a kidney stone, a health care professional may ask you to catch the kidney stone in a special container. A health care professional will send the kidney stone to a lab to find out what type it is. A health care professional may advise you to drink plenty of liquids if you are able to help move a kidney stone along. The health care professional also may prescribe pain medicine. Larger kidney stones or kidney stones that block your urinary tract or cause great pain may need urgent treatment. If you are vomiting and dehydrated, you may need to go to the hospital and get fluids through an IV. Kidney stone removalA urologist can remove the kidney stone or break it into small pieces with the following treatments: Shock wave lithotripsy. The doctor can use shock wave lithotripsy to blast the kidney stone into small pieces. The smaller pieces of the kidney stone then pass through your urinary tract. A doctor can give you anesthesia during this outpatient procedure. Cystoscopy and ureteroscopy. During cystoscopy, the doctor uses a cystoscope to look inside the urethra and bladder to find a stone in your urethra or bladder. During ureteroscopy, the doctor uses a ureteroscope, which is longer and thinner than a cystoscope, to see detailed images of the lining of the ureters and kidneys. The doctor inserts the cystoscope or ureteroscope through the urethra to see the rest of the urinary tract. Once the stone is found, the doctor can remove it or break it into smaller pieces. The doctor performs these procedures in the hospital with anesthesia. You can typically go home the same day. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. The doctor uses a thin viewing tool, called a nephroscope, to locate and remove the kidney stone. The doctor inserts the tool directly into your kidney through a small cut made in your back. For larger kidney stones, the doctor also may use a laser to break the kidney stones into smaller pieces. The doctor performs percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a hospital with anesthesia. You may have to stay in the hospital for several days after the procedure. After these procedures, sometimes the urologist may leave a thin flexible tube, called a ureteral stent, in your urinary tract to help urine flow or a stone to pass. Once the kidney stone is removed, your doctor sends the kidney stone or its pieces to a lab to find out what type it is. The health care professional also may ask you to collect your urine for 24 hours after the kidney stone has passed or been removed. The health care professional can then measure how much urine you produce in a day, along with mineral levels in your urine. You are more likely to form stones if you don’t make enough urine each day or have a problem with high mineral levels. Health care professionals usually treat kidney stones based on their size and what they are made of.How can I prevent kidney stones?To help prevent future kidney stones, you also need to know what caused your previous kidney stones. Once you know what type of kidney stone you had, a health care professional can help you make changes to your eating, diet, and nutrition to prevent future kidney stones. Drinking liquidsIn most cases, drinking enough liquids each day is the best way to help prevent most types of kidney stones. Drinking enough liquids keeps your urine diluted and helps flush away minerals that might form stones. Though water is best, other liquids such as citrus drinks may also help prevent kidney stones. Some studies show that citrus drinks, such as lemonade and orange juice, protect against kidney stones because they contain citrate, which stops crystals from turning into stones. Unless you have kidney failure, you should drink six to eight, 8-ounce glasses a day. If you previously had cystine stones, you may need to drink even more. Talk with a health care professional if you can’t drink the recommended amount due to other health problems, such as urinary incontinence, urinary frequency, or kidney failure. The amount of liquid you need to drink depends on the weather and your activity level. If you live, work, or exercise in hot weather, you may need more liquid to replace the fluid you lose through sweat. A health care professional may ask you to collect your urine for 24 hours to determine the amount of urine you produce a day. If the amount of urine is too low, the health care professional may advise you to increase your liquid intake. MedicinesIf you have had a kidney stone, a health care professional also may prescribe medicines to prevent future kidney stones. Depending on the type of kidney stone you had and what type of medicine the health care professional prescribes, you may have to take the medicine for a few weeks, several months, or longer. For example, if you had struvite stones, you may have to take an oral antibiotic for 1 to 6 weeks, or possibly longer. If you had another type of stone, you may have to take a potassium citrate tablet 1 to 3 times daily. You may have to take potassium citrate for months or even longer until a health care professional says you are no longer at risk for kidney stones. Type of kidney stonePossible medicines prescribed by your doctorCalcium Stones
Uric Acid Stones
Struvite Stones
Cystine Stones
Talk with a health care professional about your health history prior to taking kidney stone medicines. Some kidney stone medicines have minor to serious side effects. Side effects are more likely to occur the longer you take the medicine and the higher the dose. Tell the health care professional about any side effects that occur when you take kidney stone medicine. Hyperparathyroidism surgeryPeople with hyperparathyroidism, a condition that results in too much calcium in the blood, sometimes develop calcium stones. Treatment for hyperparathyroidism may include surgery to remove the abnormal parathyroid gland. Removing the parathyroid gland cures hyperparathyroidism and can prevent kidney stones. Surgery sometimes causes complications, including infection. Eating, Diet, & Nutrition Can I help prevent kidney stones by changing what I eat or drink? Drinking enough liquid, mainly water, is the most important thing you can do to prevent kidney stones. Unless you have kidney failure, many health care professionals recommend that you drink six to eight, 8-ounce glasses a day. Talk with a health care professional about how much liquid you should drink. Studies have shown that the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet can reduce the risk of kidney stones. Learn more about the DASH diet.2 Studies have shown that being overweight increases your risk of kidney stones. A dietitian can help you plan meals to help you lose weight. Does the type of kidney stone I had affect food choices I should make?Yes. If you have already had kidney stones, ask your health care professional which type of kidney stone you had. Based on the type of kidney stone you had, you may be able to prevent kidney stones by making changes in how much sodium, animal protein, calcium, or oxalate is in the food you eat. You may need to change what you eat and drink for these types of kidney stones: A dietitian who specializes in kidney stone prevention can help you plan meals to prevent kidney stones. Find a dietitian who can help you. Calcium Oxalate StonesReduce oxalate If you’ve had calcium oxalate stones, you may want to avoid these foods to help reduce the amount of oxalate in your urine:
Talk with a health care professional about other food sources of oxalate and how much oxalate should be in what you eat. Reduce sodium Your chance of developing kidney stones increases when you eat more sodium. Sodium is a part of salt. Sodium is in many canned, packaged, and fast foods. It is also in many condiments, seasonings, and meats. Talk with a health care professional about how much sodium should be in what you eat. See tips to reduce your sodium intake. Limit animal protein Eating animal protein may increase your chances of developing kidney stones. A health care professional may tell you to limit eating animal protein, including
Talk with a health care professional about how much total protein you should eat and how much should come from animal or plant-based foods. Get enough calcium from foods Even though calcium sounds like it would be the cause of calcium stones, it’s not. In the right amounts, calcium can block other substances in the digestive tract that may cause stones. Talk with a health care professional about how much calcium you should eat to help prevent getting more calcium oxalate stones and to support strong bones. It may be best to get calcium from low-oxalate, plant-based foods such as calcium-fortified juices, cereals, breads, some kinds of vegetables, and some types of beans. Ask a dietitian or other health care professional which foods are the best sources of calcium for you. Calcium Phosphate Stones Reduce sodium Your chance of developing kidney stones increases when you eat more sodium. Sodium is a part of salt. Sodium is in many canned, packaged, and fast foods. It is also in many condiments, seasonings, and meats. Talk with a health care professional about how much sodium should be in what you eat. See tips to reduce your sodium intake. Limit animal protein Eating animal protein may increase your chances of developing kidney stones. A health care professional may tell you to limit eating animal protein, including
Although you may need to limit how much animal protein you have each day, you still need to make sure you get enough protein. Consider replacing some of the meat and animal protein you would typically eat with some of these plant-based foods that are high in protein:
Talk with a health care professional about how much total protein you should eat and how much should come from animal or plant-based foods. Get enough calcium from foods Even though calcium sounds like it would be the cause of calcium stones, it’s not. In the right amounts, calcium can block other substances in the digestive tract that may lead to stones. Talk with a health care professional about how much calcium you should eat to help prevent getting more calcium phosphate stones and to support strong bones. It may be best to get calcium from plant-based foods such as calcium-fortified juices, cereals, breads, some kinds of vegetables, and some types of beans. Ask a dietitian or other health care professional which foods are the best sources of calcium for you. Uric Acid StonesLimit animal protein Eating animal protein may increase your chances of developing kidney stones. A health care professional may tell you to limit eating animal protein, including
Losing weight if you are overweight is especially important for people who have had uric acid stones. Cystine StonesDrinking enough liquid, mainly water, is the most important lifestyle change you can make to prevent cystine stones. Talk with a health care professional about how much liquid you should drink. Tips to Reduce Your Sodium Intake Most Americans consume too much sodium. Adults should aim to consume less than 2,300 mg a day.3 One teaspoon of table salt has 2,325 milligrams (mg) of sodium. If you have had calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate stones, you should follow this guideline, even if you take medicine to prevent kidney stones. Here are some tips to help you reduce your sodium intake:
[3] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020—2025. 9th ed. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Published December 2020. Accessed July 15, 2021. www.dietaryguidelines.gov
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Reduce Healthcare Costs and Increase Tacit Knowledge
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About the patent Inventor: Umesh Bhargava, BS., B. Pharm., MS., Ph. D., R. Ph. is a first-generation Indian American who completed his MS in Pharmacy from St. Louis College of Pharmacy in 1961, shown above on the left. Then started Research Assistantship on Black Walnut with Missouri University Hospital at Columbia, shown on the right. While on Research Assistantship, he did his Ph. D. in Pharmacology in 1967 with the research on Pharmacology of Ellagic Acid from Black Walnut. Ellagic Acid is a polyphenolic compound present in many fruits and vegetables which works against diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc., that became popular on the internet between 1970 and 1990. Ellagic Acid might have popularized the consumption of fruits and vegetables in people who believed Vegan lifestyle. According to Oncologists, a published report, Ellagic Acid was the best discovery of the decades. Fruits like pomegranate, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, and pecans are rich in ellagic acid.
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Programs & Services - HHS
HHS administers more than 100 programs across its operating divisions. HHS programs protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.
HHS administers more than 100 programs across its operating divisions. HHS programs protect the health of all Americans and provide essential human services, especially for those who are least able to help themselves.
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Health Literacy
"Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions.
Low health literacy is more prevalent among:
Older adults
Minority populations
Those who have low socioeconomic status
Medically underserved people"
What is our role in promoting health literacy?
Health literacy is a common thread through all of our programs. A large portion of the people we serve are poor and medically underserved.
They need help understanding and navigating a complex health care system. They require culturally competent providers who speak their language so they can make informed health care choices. A number of patients may be confused with certain medical language, have difficulty understanding English, struggle with filling out forms, or have limited access to health providers in their community. With the proper training, health care professionals can identify patients' specific health literacy levels and make simple communication adjustments."
"Health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information needed to make appropriate health decisions.
Low health literacy is more prevalent among:
Older adults
Minority populations
Those who have low socioeconomic status
Medically underserved people"
What is our role in promoting health literacy?
Health literacy is a common thread through all of our programs. A large portion of the people we serve are poor and medically underserved.
They need help understanding and navigating a complex health care system. They require culturally competent providers who speak their language so they can make informed health care choices. A number of patients may be confused with certain medical language, have difficulty understanding English, struggle with filling out forms, or have limited access to health providers in their community. With the proper training, health care professionals can identify patients' specific health literacy levels and make simple communication adjustments."
The healthcare sector relies heavily on knowledge that is evidence-based information, diagnoses, and treatments that are implemented quickly in a patient’s best interests in treating patients. In the healthcare industry, the correct information can quite literally save lives—but only if professionals can have the ability to access it quickly from anywhere, at any time. HHS provides evidence-based, timely health information to the public participating through its main partners FDA, CDC, NCI, NIH, and NAID. A website containing such information would reduce overall healthcare costs in America by eliminating unnecessary expenses.
The Information and resources related to evidence-based programs and policies are shown below:
The Information and resources related to evidence-based programs and policies are shown below:
- Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
A group of medical and public health experts that develops recommendations on how to use vaccines to control diseases in the United States - CDC Guidelines and Recommendations
One-stop shop for guidelines or recommendations developed by CDC (and CDC collaborations with other organizations and agencies), or by CDC federal advisory committees; includes recommendations, strategies, and information to help decision makers choose courses of action in specific situations - Prevention of HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STDs, and TB Through Health Care Website
Information on policies and practices that leverage the healthcare system to help prevent HIV/AIDS, viral hepatitis, STD, and TB infections - Compendium of Proven Community-Based Prevention Programs External
Compendium of 79 evidence-based disease and injury prevention programs that have saved lives and improved health - Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide)External
Resource that helps users choose evidence-based programs and policies to improve health and prevent disease in communities - Prevention Status Reports
Reports that highlight—for all 50 states and the District of Columbia—the status of public health policies and practices designed to prevent or reduce 10 important public health problems - US Preventive Services Task Force External
Independent panel of nonfederal experts in prevention and evidence-based medicine that conducts scientific evidence reviews of a broad range of clinical preventive health care services and develops recommendations for primary care clinicians and health systems
With my experience in the hospital, this website is suitable for the hospitals. But it can be used by any industry that wants to reduce healthcare costs for their employees by improving health and educating them with health information. The website contains evidence-based healthcare information and tools when adopted on a large scale would reduce overall healthcare costs in America. The website also has a provision for users to enter their information on ten or more website pages if the user wants. The Department of Health and Human Services has launched Healthy People 2030, with the goals for this decade as follows:
The update addresses personal health literacy and organizational health literacy and provides the following definitions:
In 2015 the U.S. spent nearly $9,000 for the health of every American — far more than what the governments of other countries spend on the health of their citizens – yet life expectancy and health outcomes are generally worse for Americans than for citizens of other developed nations in North America and Europe.
For the reasons of the high cost to treat disease in America, "disease prevention should be woven into all aspects of our lives, including where and how we live, learn, work and play. Everyone—government, businesses, educators, health care institutions, communities and every single American—has a role in creating a healthier nation.
- Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.
- Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all.
- Create social, physical, and economic environments that promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all.
- Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors, and well-being across all life stages.
- Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all.
The update addresses personal health literacy and organizational health literacy and provides the following definitions:
- Personal health literacy is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
- Organizational health literacy is the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand, and use information and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.
In 2015 the U.S. spent nearly $9,000 for the health of every American — far more than what the governments of other countries spend on the health of their citizens – yet life expectancy and health outcomes are generally worse for Americans than for citizens of other developed nations in North America and Europe.
For the reasons of the high cost to treat disease in America, "disease prevention should be woven into all aspects of our lives, including where and how we live, learn, work and play. Everyone—government, businesses, educators, health care institutions, communities and every single American—has a role in creating a healthier nation.
The website has five major sections. 1. User Section: The home page entitled hospital has many links to get health information quickly. The home page is like an independent website to learn anything about healthcare. If the hospital wants to add specific information for their departments, this is the place to provide it. 2. Most Economic Burden Diseases: Describe diseases like arthritis, diabetes, chronic diseases, health literacy, heart disease, and stroke. 3. CDC Main Categories: Data & Statistics, Diseases & Conditions, Emergency Preparedness, Environmental Health, Featured content, Global Health, Healthy Living, Injury, Violence, & Safety, State, Tribal, Local, & Territorial, Travel Health, Workplace Safety & Health, and Other. 4. Media Type: Infographics, Microsites, Videos, and Widgets & CDC TV. 5. Footer: The footer is also like an independent website available on every website page. Here employees can make comments after reading articles to get credit for CE.
About the patent Inventor: Umesh Bhargava, BS., B. Pharm., MS., Ph. D., R. Ph. is a first-generation Indian American who completed his MS in Pharmacy from St. Louis College of Pharmacy in 1961, shown above on the left. Then started Research Assistantship on Black Walnut with Missouri University Hospital at Columbia, shown on the right. While on Research Assistantship, he did his Ph. D. in Pharmacology in 1967 with the research on Pharmacology of Ellagic Acid from Black Walnut. Ellagic Acid is a polyphenolic compound present in many fruits and vegetables which works against diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc., that became popular on the internet between 1970 and 1990. Ellagic Acid might have popularized the consumption of fruits and vegetables in people who believed Vegan lifestyle. According to Oncologists, a published report, Ellagic Acid was the best discovery of the decades. Fruits like pomegranate, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, and pecans are rich in ellagic acid.
The healthcare sector relies heavily on knowledge that is evidence-based information, diagnoses, and treatments that could be implemented quickly in a patient’s best interests. CDC and others have tried to record this knowledge and communicate through different mediums such as articles, prints, audios, microsites, videos, widgets, and other records that can be quickly and easily transmitted from one individual to another for easier use. But the healthcare industry is so complex that no matter what the delivery system is. It involves multiple professionals in diverse workplaces collaborating to deliver proper care to patients. In addition, it requires tacit knowledge in the form of expert opinion gained through years of experience. Learning is a continuous process, but the goal of this website is to increase this knowledge to provide decision-makers with the tools they need to turn information into a Permanent Tacit Health Knowledge Asset within the healthcare facility they use it.
A healthcare website can create a more efficient flow of information between all your doctors and staff; nurses, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, and dieticians, which could ultimately increase healthcare efficiency and productivity. Developing this type of Tacit Health Knowledge Asset would decrease Healthcare Costs when adopted in most hospitals in America. On this website, I have tried to bring information from many sources outside to gain users experience.
By using the Walnut Healthcare Global System creative tool, every hospital has a chance to achieve maximum productivity through increasing healthcare efficiency by involving multi-talented groups of people within the hospital and technology working together to reduce healthcare costs. This website provides a lifelong educational offerings experience that develops management competencies and improves professional skills vital to succeeding through this tool. A separate booklet on the Self Power Leadership is available to management upon request.
About the patent Inventor: Umesh Bhargava, BS., B. Pharm., MS., Ph. D., R. Ph. is a first-generation Indian American who completed his MS in Pharmacy from St. Louis College of Pharmacy in 1961, shown above on the left. Then started Research Assistantship on Black Walnut with Missouri University Hospital at Columbia, shown on the right. While on Research Assistantship, he did his Ph. D. in Pharmacology in 1967 with the research on Pharmacology of Ellagic Acid from Black Walnut. Ellagic Acid is a polyphenolic compound present in many fruits and vegetables which works against diabetes, heart disease, cancer, etc., that became popular on the internet between 1970 and 1990. Ellagic Acid might have popularized the consumption of fruits and vegetables in people who believed Vegan lifestyle. According to Oncologists, a published report, Ellagic Acid was the best discovery of the decades. Fruits like pomegranate, blueberries, raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, and pecans are rich in ellagic acid.
The healthcare sector relies heavily on knowledge that is evidence-based information, diagnoses, and treatments that could be implemented quickly in a patient’s best interests. CDC and others have tried to record this knowledge and communicate through different mediums such as articles, prints, audios, microsites, videos, widgets, and other records that can be quickly and easily transmitted from one individual to another for easier use. But the healthcare industry is so complex that no matter what the delivery system is. It involves multiple professionals in diverse workplaces collaborating to deliver proper care to patients. In addition, it requires tacit knowledge in the form of expert opinion gained through years of experience. Learning is a continuous process, but the goal of this website is to increase this knowledge to provide decision-makers with the tools they need to turn information into a Permanent Tacit Health Knowledge Asset within the healthcare facility they use it.
A healthcare website can create a more efficient flow of information between all your doctors and staff; nurses, pharmacists, respiratory therapists, and dieticians, which could ultimately increase healthcare efficiency and productivity. Developing this type of Tacit Health Knowledge Asset would decrease Healthcare Costs when adopted in most hospitals in America. On this website, I have tried to bring information from many sources outside to gain users experience.
By using the Walnut Healthcare Global System creative tool, every hospital has a chance to achieve maximum productivity through increasing healthcare efficiency by involving multi-talented groups of people within the hospital and technology working together to reduce healthcare costs. This website provides a lifelong educational offerings experience that develops management competencies and improves professional skills vital to succeeding through this tool. A separate booklet on the Self Power Leadership is available to management upon request.
The Self Power Leadership: An introductory guide to The Self Power Leadership and how to succeed at it. By Umesh C. Bhargava, Ph. D., Walnut Healthcare Global System Creative Business Tool |
How to Grow the Tacit Health Knowledge Asset? This knowledge or know-how is embedded or rooted in the mind of talented people, acquired through years of experience, expanded by getting together with talented people, as it is hard to communicate on this subject, sometimes it may be better to let the minds of people speak to each other through socialization as it can increase creativity and innovation in your organization. START A DISCUSSION BETWEEN EACH OTHER PICK A TOPIC.
Generally, a royalty is an agreement between the inventor (the licensor) and manufacturer, publisher, agent, or user (the licensee). In this case, the licensor has permitted to let the other users, or the hospitals use the inventor's ideas and creations free of royalty fees, as long as the licensee keeps the intellectual property performing well by allowing the maximum benefit to both parties, the licensor, and licensee, who have interest in the success this creation. There is no single way to charge or not charge royalty rates at the beginning. When you know the value of the patents, trademark, or copyright, you’ll be able to calculate the royalty rates more accurately and decide what to do. In the beginning, a licensing agreement will be made between the licensor and the licensee, free of charge for at least one year. But each customer has to pay yearly operation fees to maintain the website. Walnut Healthcare Global System owns and will continue to develop the four websites. Customer services and educational advocacy are to be provided by Walnut Healthcare. Each hospital or business will build the Tacit Health Knowledge Asset by their plan using the website and the Walnut Healthcare Global System Creative Tools as appropriate. Walnut Healthcare is the facilitator and completes the contractual agreements to start the process. Walnut Healthcare Global System can also add information to the customer's portion of the website at a low cost to make the site more useful to the business. We have four different websites for customers to test. For more information or questions, please contact [email protected].
Generally, a royalty is an agreement between the inventor (the licensor) and manufacturer, publisher, agent, or user (the licensee). In this case, the licensor has permitted to let the other users, or the hospitals use the inventor's ideas and creations free of royalty fees, as long as the licensee keeps the intellectual property performing well by allowing the maximum benefit to both parties, the licensor, and licensee, who have interest in the success this creation. There is no single way to charge or not charge royalty rates at the beginning. When you know the value of the patents, trademark, or copyright, you’ll be able to calculate the royalty rates more accurately and decide what to do. In the beginning, a licensing agreement will be made between the licensor and the licensee, free of charge for at least one year. But each customer has to pay yearly operation fees to maintain the website. Walnut Healthcare Global System owns and will continue to develop the four websites. Customer services and educational advocacy are to be provided by Walnut Healthcare. Each hospital or business will build the Tacit Health Knowledge Asset by their plan using the website and the Walnut Healthcare Global System Creative Tools as appropriate. Walnut Healthcare is the facilitator and completes the contractual agreements to start the process. Walnut Healthcare Global System can also add information to the customer's portion of the website at a low cost to make the site more useful to the business. We have four different websites for customers to test. For more information or questions, please contact [email protected].
Walnut Healthcare Global System (WHCGS) Creative Tools
The Walnut Healthcare Global System developed the Creative Tools to achieve maximum productivity through increasing health literacy involving multi-talented groups of people and technology working together to achieve the best results to reduce healthcare costs. Together with discovering the drivers of spending and spending growth in US health care. How do the organization’s strategy and decision-making processes impact total spending and value, and how to control them? Lifelong educational offerings that develop management competencies and improve professional skills are vital to succeed through this tool.
You also need Self Power learned with experience; it is that kind of power that helps you see things through your inner eye. For “The Self Power” to work, organizations need to create an environment that encourages creativity and innovation. Creativity in art increases boundaries beyond norms; for example, in recent years, woodturning has become an artistic craving for Sarena Bhargava’s creative expression, allowing her to explore the organic splendor and diverse energy of wood to create her art. Each piece of wood has a story to share and how it is transformed into a distinctively inspired expression of beauty and function. The art in the movie can be seen in the filmography at the International Movie Database (IMBd) by clicking here. Creativity and innovations can benefit humankind in many ways – Linda Naiman, founder of Creativity at Work. Institutions should focus on bringing together multi-talented groups of individuals who collaborate to exchange ideas and knowledge to shape different directions of the future.
Our mind works like a global brain that connects with other people using the different systems without even knowing them. For a computer to work, it needs an internet connection, the global brain works using other methods, and your mind expands manifolds and handles complex problems without any personal interference. Organizations led by such leaders would have a higher success rate in innovation, employee engagement, for any change, and renewal.
The Walnut Healthcare Global System developed the Creative Tools to achieve maximum productivity through increasing health literacy involving multi-talented groups of people and technology working together to achieve the best results to reduce healthcare costs. Together with discovering the drivers of spending and spending growth in US health care. How do the organization’s strategy and decision-making processes impact total spending and value, and how to control them? Lifelong educational offerings that develop management competencies and improve professional skills are vital to succeed through this tool.
You also need Self Power learned with experience; it is that kind of power that helps you see things through your inner eye. For “The Self Power” to work, organizations need to create an environment that encourages creativity and innovation. Creativity in art increases boundaries beyond norms; for example, in recent years, woodturning has become an artistic craving for Sarena Bhargava’s creative expression, allowing her to explore the organic splendor and diverse energy of wood to create her art. Each piece of wood has a story to share and how it is transformed into a distinctively inspired expression of beauty and function. The art in the movie can be seen in the filmography at the International Movie Database (IMBd) by clicking here. Creativity and innovations can benefit humankind in many ways – Linda Naiman, founder of Creativity at Work. Institutions should focus on bringing together multi-talented groups of individuals who collaborate to exchange ideas and knowledge to shape different directions of the future.
Our mind works like a global brain that connects with other people using the different systems without even knowing them. For a computer to work, it needs an internet connection, the global brain works using other methods, and your mind expands manifolds and handles complex problems without any personal interference. Organizations led by such leaders would have a higher success rate in innovation, employee engagement, for any change, and renewal.
This website is the result of three patent applications working on the following concepts:
The first patent application deals with Providing and Spreading Health Literacy in Unique ways through Websites using Phones, WhatsApp, and Computers Singularly or in Combination with the Public and Healthcare Professionals to Decrease Nation's Healthcare Costs. The patent shows a website can effectively spread healthcare information to the public and healthcare professionals in a cost-effective manner on a large scale using 10,250 healthcare articles from the CDC that can theoretically be increased to a maximum of 250,000.
The second patent application deals with "Our mind works like a global brain that connects with other people using the different systems without even knowing them. For a computer to work, it needs an internet connection but, the global brain works using other methods, and your mind expands manifolds and handles complex problems without any personal interference. Organizations led by such leaders would have a higher success rate in innovation, employee engagement, any change, and renewal."
"The Walnut Healthcare Global System is a creative tool to achieve maximum productivity through increasing health literacy involving multi-talented groups of people and technology working together to achieve the best results to reduce healthcare costs. Together with discovering the drivers of spending and spending growth in US health care. How do the organization’s strategy and decision-making processes impact total spending and value, and how to control them? Lifelong educational offerings that develop management competencies and improving professional skills are vital to succeed through this tool.
The Self Power can be learned, it is that kind of power that helps you see things through your inner eye. For “The Self Power” to work, organizations need to create an environment that encourages creativity and innovation. After that, they should focus on bringing together multi-talented groups of individuals who collaborate to exchange ideas and knowledge to shape the direction of the future."
The first patent application deals with Providing and Spreading Health Literacy in Unique ways through Websites using Phones, WhatsApp, and Computers Singularly or in Combination with the Public and Healthcare Professionals to Decrease Nation's Healthcare Costs. The patent shows a website can effectively spread healthcare information to the public and healthcare professionals in a cost-effective manner on a large scale using 10,250 healthcare articles from the CDC that can theoretically be increased to a maximum of 250,000.
The second patent application deals with "Our mind works like a global brain that connects with other people using the different systems without even knowing them. For a computer to work, it needs an internet connection but, the global brain works using other methods, and your mind expands manifolds and handles complex problems without any personal interference. Organizations led by such leaders would have a higher success rate in innovation, employee engagement, any change, and renewal."
"The Walnut Healthcare Global System is a creative tool to achieve maximum productivity through increasing health literacy involving multi-talented groups of people and technology working together to achieve the best results to reduce healthcare costs. Together with discovering the drivers of spending and spending growth in US health care. How do the organization’s strategy and decision-making processes impact total spending and value, and how to control them? Lifelong educational offerings that develop management competencies and improving professional skills are vital to succeed through this tool.
The Self Power can be learned, it is that kind of power that helps you see things through your inner eye. For “The Self Power” to work, organizations need to create an environment that encourages creativity and innovation. After that, they should focus on bringing together multi-talented groups of individuals who collaborate to exchange ideas and knowledge to shape the direction of the future."
The third patent application deals with the design of the website. The website was created by making hundreds of websites, doing research, and using art and creativity on making websites with colors for over six years. Design thinking draws upon logic, imagination, intuition, and systemic reasoning to explore all possibilities as shown on the following figure.
According to Linda Naiman, founder of Creativity at Work. creativity and innovations can benefit humankind in many ways "What if you could repair your body at the cellular level? Could food be grown right in the crowded cities where people live? How far can we extend the human life span?"
“Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower.” Steve Jobs
“The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.” Albert Einstein
Artist's mind works differently than other people woodturning has become an artistic craving for Sarena Bhargava’s creative expression, allowing her to explore the organic splendor and diverse energy of wood. Each piece of wood has a story to share and how it is transformed into a distinctively inspired expression of beauty and function. These creative expressions can be seen in her filmographic work at the International Movie Database (IMBd): by clicking here.
To learn about Art and Health Creative Innovations go to the following sites:
Artist Gallery (5 pages)
Complete Happiness to Cure for all Pain and Suffering
Creative Mind Expansion
How does the Global Brain Work?
What is Creativity? in Website: https://artandhealthadvocates.weebly.com/ (Use password 1234)
Who is Artist? in Website: http://www.communitycare.cc/
Zen Happiness
From Harvard 12 ways to cut health care costs
In the healthcare industry, the correct information can quite literally save lives—but only if professionals can have the ability to access it quickly from anywhere, at any time. The Internet has shifted toward more patient-centered care, enabling consumers to gather health-related information themselves; communicate with care providers, health plan insurance companies, and other consumers electronically; and even be willing to receive care in the home. Healthcare Knowledge in the form of links from many sources is shown below:
CDC A-Z Index 👈
👉A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #
CLEAR HEALTH FROM NIH 👈
👉A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
NHS A-Z LIST OF COMMON ILLNESSES AND CONDITIONS INCLUDING THEIR SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND TREATMENTS
👉A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
DAILYMED MEDLINEPLUS® MICROMEDIX UPTODATE
A-Z INDEX (NIOSH) FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY & HEALTH TOPICS
👉 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
👉OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA'S) >> A TO Z INDEX👈
Diabetes Mellites👈
Heart Diseases👈
In the healthcare industry, the correct information can quite literally save lives—but only if professionals can have the ability to access it quickly from anywhere, at any time. The Internet has shifted toward more patient-centered care, enabling consumers to gather health-related information themselves; communicate with care providers, health plan insurance companies, and other consumers electronically; and even be willing to receive care in the home. Healthcare Knowledge in the form of links from many sources is shown below:
CDC A-Z Index 👈
👉A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #
CLEAR HEALTH FROM NIH 👈
👉A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
NHS A-Z LIST OF COMMON ILLNESSES AND CONDITIONS INCLUDING THEIR SYMPTOMS, CAUSES AND TREATMENTS
👉A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
DAILYMED MEDLINEPLUS® MICROMEDIX UPTODATE
A-Z INDEX (NIOSH) FOR WORKPLACE SAFETY & HEALTH TOPICS
👉 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
👉OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION (OSHA'S) >> A TO Z INDEX👈
Diabetes Mellites👈
- 4 Steps to Manage Your Diabetes for Life
- Diabetes and Women
- Diabetes and Your Feet
- Diabetes Features & Spotlights
- Diabetes-Related Press Releases and Media Advisories
- Evaluation Resources
- Fact Sheets
- Flu & People with Diabetes
- Gestational Diabetes
- Gestational Diabetes and Pregnancy
- Health Care Providers
- How to Save Money on Diabetes Care
- Infographics
- Making Physical Activity a Part of a Child’s Life
- Making Physical Activity a Part of an Older Adult’s Life
- Managing Diabetes
- Prediabetes: Your Chance to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes
- Prevent Type 2 Diabetes in Kids
- Reports and Publications
- Social Media
- Videos and Podcasts
- Webinars and Videos
Heart Diseases👈
- About Heart Disease
- About Million Hearts® 2027
- Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
- Facts about Atrial Septal Defect
- Health, United States, 2013 includes special section on prescription drugs
- Heart Age Infographics | VitalSigns
- Heart Disease
- Heart Disease and Men
- Heart Disease Facts
- Heart Disease: It Can Happen at Any Age | CDC Features
- Heart Disease Patient Education Handouts
- Heart Attack Symptoms, Risk, and Recovery
- Heart Disease Resources for Health Professionals
- High Blood Pressure
- High Blood Pressure Symptoms and Causes
- How Cardiac Rehabilitation Can Help Heal Your Heart
- How much physical activity do older adults need?
- Know Your Risk for Heart Disease
- Learn & Prevent | Million Hearts
- Lower Your Risk for the Number 1 Killer of Women
- Million Hearts and Eating Well launch heart-healthy nutrition resource
- Million Hearts® e-Updates
- Million Hearts® Syndicated Content
- Prevent Heart Disease
- Snapshots of Progress - Centers for Disease Control
- Sodium Reduction in Communities Program (SRCP)
- Three Things You May Not Know About CPR
- Vital Signs: High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol-Out of Control
- Women and Heart Disease
Additional Health & Medical Online Resources (See Disclaimer on Table below) |
American Cancer Society - cancer.org Fighting cancer with research, education, patient care, and rehabilitation. CDC - cdc.gov Fights disease and supports communities and citizens to do the same. Department of Health and Human Services - hhs.gov Principal agency for protecting the health of U.S. citizens. Drugs.com - drugs.com Easy-to-read drug information and useful online tools including a pill identifier. Epocrates - epocrates.com Point of care diagnostic and treatment information for doctors. Subscription required. Everyday Health - everydayhealth.com Personalized health advice, tools, and communities. Healthline - healthline.com Condition and procedure topics, symptom checker, and pill identifier. Mayo Clinic - mayoclinic.org Award-winning medical and health information for healthy living. MedicineNet - medicinenet.com Authoritative medical information for consumers. Medline Plus - medlineplus.gov Diseases, symptoms, injuries, and more with photographs and illustrations. Medpage Today - medpagetoday.com Latest clinical and policy coverage geared towards health care professionals. Medscape - medscape.com Medical information for specialists, physicians, and industry professionals. Merck Manuals - merckmanuals.com The world's most widely-used medical guides, available online. NIH - nih.gov Focal point for medical research in the United States. OpenMD - openmd - Also see: Health Site Directory Health search engine spanning thousands of medical organizations and government databases. RxList - rxlist.com Drug information for consumers and medical health professionals. UpToDate - uptodate.com Evidence-based clinical decision support resource for health care providers. WebMD - webmd.com Thousands of medical entries from abdomen to zygote. Doctor Reviews CareDash - caredash.com Provider ratings and patient reviews. Make informed decisions about your health. Castle Connoly Top doctors based on peer nomination and review by a physician-directed research team. castleconnolly.com Health Grades - healthgrades.com Details on provider's experience, patient satisfaction and hospital quality. U.S. News Health - health.usnews.com Directory includes 750,000+ physicians and surgeons. Vitals - vitals.com Find, rate or check up on a doctor in the United States. Search by location, specialty or ailment. Zocdoc - zocdoc.com Find a doctor and book an appointment. Read verified doctor reviews and ratings by patients. Medical Journals BioMed Central - biomedcentral.com Provides open access to hundreds of peer-reviewed medical journals. Free Medical Journals - freemedicaljournals.com - Also see: Free Medical Books Site that promotes and links to free full-text medical journals and resources. JAMA - freebooks4doctors.com The most widely circulated peer-reviewed medical journal in the world. New England Journal of Medicine - nejm.org Publishes new medical research findings, review articles, and editorial opinion. PubMed Central - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature. Child and Teen Health Girls Health - girlshealth.gov Reliable, supportive health information for girls ages 10 to 16. Partnership for a Drug Free America - drugfree.org Answers and guidance on drug abuse, prevention, and treatment. Pregnancy Helpline - thehelpline.org Education and information for those experiencing pregnancy related issues. Teen Health - kidshealth.org Honest information and advice about health, relationships, and growing up. |
HELPFUL LINKS
Clinical Resources and Tools
Clinical Tools:
Healthcare Professional Education:
Implicit Bias and Stigma:
Health Equity and Cultural Awareness:
Additional resources related to maternal health and pregnancy-related complications.
Clinical Tools:
- Maternal Patient Safety Bundles developed by the former Council on Patient Safety in Women’s Health Care.
- Maternal Early Warning Signs (MEWS) Protocol developed by the former Council on Patient Safety in Women’s Health Care.
- Toolkit for Improving Perinatal Safety developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
- Guide to Patient and Family Engagement in Hospital Quality and Safety developed by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
Healthcare Professional Education:
- POST-BIRTH Warning Signs Education Program developed by the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN).
- Back to Basics: Foundations for Mindful Care developed by the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN).
- Eliminating Preventable Maternal Mortality and Morbidity from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
- Maternal Cardiac Conditions: Addressing a Leading Cause of Pregnancy-Related Death--Webinar hosted by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
Implicit Bias and Stigma:
- March of Dimes’ Professional Education, including Implicit Bias Training focused on maternity care.
- Beyond Labels: Reducing Stigma developed by March of Dimes.
- SPEAK UP Program by the Institute for Perinatal Quality Improvement.
- AWHONN Insights Podcast: The Impact of Implicit Bias in Healthcare
- Healthy Equity, Implicit Bias, Stigma & Antiracism developed by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services.
Health Equity and Cultural Awareness:
- American Medical Association (AMA) Center for Health Equity.
- Importance of Social Determinants of Health and Cultural Awareness in the Delivery of Reproductive Health Careexternal icon by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).
- Birth Equity developed by the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN).
- Think Cultural Healthexternal icon developed by the Office of Minority Health.
- The EveryONE Project™ developed by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
Additional resources related to maternal health and pregnancy-related complications.